diff --git a/src/openjarvis/agents/hybrid/advisors.py b/src/openjarvis/agents/hybrid/advisors.py
index 9ec75fd9..195e8d48 100644
--- a/src/openjarvis/agents/hybrid/advisors.py
+++ b/src/openjarvis/agents/hybrid/advisors.py
@@ -201,6 +201,8 @@ class AdvisorsAgent(LocalCloudAgent):
             "cost_usd": cost,
             "turns": 3,
             "web_search_uses": n_searches_total,
+            # GAIA: only the executor passes invoke a tool (web_search).
+            "tool_calls": int(n_searches_total),
             "traces": {
                 "initial_response": initial_resp,
                 "advisor_feedback": advisor_text,
@@ -305,6 +307,9 @@ class AdvisorsAgent(LocalCloudAgent):
             "tokens_cloud": tokens_cloud,
             "cost_usd": cost,
             "turns": initial_out["turns"] + 1 + final_out["turns"],
+            # SWE: sum bash turns from both executor passes; advisor pass
+            # is a local-model critique with no tools.
+            "tool_calls": int(initial_out["turns"] + final_out["turns"]),
             "traces": {
                 "swe_mode": True,
                 "initial_summary": initial_out["final_summary"],
diff --git a/src/openjarvis/agents/hybrid/archon.py b/src/openjarvis/agents/hybrid/archon.py
index 8ab35f75..afad3663 100644
--- a/src/openjarvis/agents/hybrid/archon.py
+++ b/src/openjarvis/agents/hybrid/archon.py
@@ -501,6 +501,8 @@ class ArchonAgent(LocalCloudAgent):
             "cost_usd": cost,
             "turns": (K + 2) if arch == "ensemble_rank_fuse" else 1,
             "web_search_uses": n_searches,
+            # GAIA: only ranker/fuser can hit web_search; proposers don't.
+            "tool_calls": int(n_searches),
             "traces": {
                 "architecture": arch,
                 "n_samples":    K,
@@ -613,6 +615,9 @@ class ArchonAgent(LocalCloudAgent):
             "tokens_cloud": total_tokens_cloud,
             "cost_usd": total_cost,
             "turns": sum(c["turns"] for c in candidates) + 1,
+            # SWE: total bash turns across the K candidate runs; ranker
+            # is a single text call with no tools.
+            "tool_calls": int(sum(c["turns"] for c in candidates)),
             "traces": {
                 "swe_mode": True,
                 "K": K,
diff --git a/src/openjarvis/agents/hybrid/baseline_cloud.py b/src/openjarvis/agents/hybrid/baseline_cloud.py
index 45ff0bf2..87695e62 100644
--- a/src/openjarvis/agents/hybrid/baseline_cloud.py
+++ b/src/openjarvis/agents/hybrid/baseline_cloud.py
@@ -90,6 +90,8 @@ class BaselineCloudAgent(LocalCloudAgent):
                 "tokens_cloud": out["tokens_in"] + out["tokens_out"],
                 "cost_usd": out["cost_usd"],
                 "turns": out["turns"],
+                # SWE-bench: one bash invocation per agent turn.
+                "tool_calls": int(out["turns"]),
                 "traces": {
                     "backbone": "cloud",
                     "max_turns_hit": out["max_turns_hit"],
@@ -125,6 +127,8 @@ class BaselineCloudAgent(LocalCloudAgent):
                 "cost_usd": cost,
                 "turns": turns,
                 "web_search_uses": n_searches,
+                # GAIA: the only tool is web_search.
+                "tool_calls": int(n_searches),
                 "traces": {
                     "mode": "anthropic_agent_loop",
                     "is_swe": is_swe,
@@ -160,6 +164,8 @@ class BaselineCloudAgent(LocalCloudAgent):
             "cost_usd": estimate_cost(self._cloud_model, p_tok, c_tok),
             "turns": 1,
             "web_search_uses": 0,
+            # GAIA one-shot: zero tool calls (no bash, no web_search).
+            "tool_calls": 0,
             "traces": {
                 "mode": "one_shot",
                 "is_swe": is_swe,
diff --git a/src/openjarvis/agents/hybrid/conductor.py b/src/openjarvis/agents/hybrid/conductor.py
index 4c1f7bc3..a7ef25de 100644
--- a/src/openjarvis/agents/hybrid/conductor.py
+++ b/src/openjarvis/agents/hybrid/conductor.py
@@ -563,11 +563,12 @@ def _swe_worker_step(
     cfg: Dict[str, Any],
     workdir: Path,
     step_idx: int,
-) -> Tuple[str, int, int, bool, int]:
+) -> Tuple[str, int, int, bool, int, int]:
     """Run one Conductor worker step as a mini-SWE-agent subloop on a shared
     workdir. Returns (final_summary_or_diff, tokens_in, tokens_out, is_local,
-    n_web_searches) in the same shape as ``_call_worker``. SWE workers
-    don't use web_search (the bash tool is the only tool they need)."""
+    n_web_searches, bash_turns). SWE workers don't use web_search (the bash
+    tool is the only tool they need); ``bash_turns`` counts the agent-loop
+    turns so the caller can surface ``tool_calls``."""
     ep = (worker.get("endpoint") or "openai").lower()
     if ep == "vllm":
         backbone, model, endpoint, is_local = (
@@ -584,7 +585,8 @@ def _swe_worker_step(
         # backbones today (the loop's tool-call format is Anthropic- or
         # OpenAI-via-vllm-shaped only). Fall back to one-shot for those —
         # SWE-bench-wise they were already weak; this preserves behavior.
-        return _call_worker(worker, prompt, cfg)
+        text, p, c, is_local, n_searches = _call_worker(worker, prompt, cfg)
+        return text, p, c, is_local, n_searches, 0
     out = run_swe_agent_loop(
         task,
         backbone=backbone,
@@ -601,7 +603,7 @@ def _swe_worker_step(
     )
     return (
         out["final_summary"] or out["answer"],
-        out["tokens_in"], out["tokens_out"], is_local, 0,
+        out["tokens_in"], out["tokens_out"], is_local, 0, int(out["turns"]),
     )
 
 
@@ -714,6 +716,9 @@ class ConductorAgent(LocalCloudAgent):
         final_answer = ""
         shared_workdir: Optional[Path] = None
         n_web_searches_total = 0
+        # tool_calls aggregator: bash turns on SWE (per worker subloop) +
+        # web_search uses on GAIA. Conductor planner is text-only.
+        tool_calls = 0
 
         # Web_search opt-in: when enabled, declare the native server-side
         # tool on Anthropic worker calls. GAIA-only — SWE workers use bash
@@ -754,9 +759,12 @@ class ConductorAgent(LocalCloudAgent):
                 })
 
                 if swe_mode:
-                    text, w_in, w_out, is_local, n_searches = _swe_worker_step(
-                        worker, task_meta, prompt, cfg, shared_workdir, i,
+                    text, w_in, w_out, is_local, n_searches, bash_turns = (
+                        _swe_worker_step(
+                            worker, task_meta, prompt, cfg, shared_workdir, i,
+                        )
                     )
+                    tool_calls += bash_turns
                 else:
                     text, w_in, w_out, is_local, n_searches = _call_worker(
                         worker, prompt, cfg, web_search_tool=ws_tool,
@@ -769,6 +777,7 @@ class ConductorAgent(LocalCloudAgent):
                     cost += self.cost_usd(worker["model"], w_in, w_out)
                     cost += n_searches * WEB_SEARCH_COST_PER_CALL
                 n_web_searches_total += n_searches
+                tool_calls += n_searches
                 steps.append({
                     "step_idx": i,
                     "model_id": mid,
@@ -811,6 +820,7 @@ class ConductorAgent(LocalCloudAgent):
             "cost_usd": cost,
             "turns": len(steps) + 1,  # planner + N execution steps
             "web_search_uses": n_web_searches_total,
+            "tool_calls": int(tool_calls),
             "traces": {
                 "steps": traces,
                 "plan": plan,
diff --git a/src/openjarvis/agents/hybrid/minions.py b/src/openjarvis/agents/hybrid/minions.py
index bea18a23..0199f8b9 100644
--- a/src/openjarvis/agents/hybrid/minions.py
+++ b/src/openjarvis/agents/hybrid/minions.py
@@ -494,6 +494,9 @@ class MinionsAgent(LocalCloudAgent):
             "cost_usd": self.cost_usd(self._cloud_model, rp, rc) + prefetch["cost_usd"],
             "turns": cfg.get("max_rounds", 3),
             "web_search_uses": prefetch["n_searches"],
+            # GAIA: only countable tool surface is the prefetch web_search.
+            # The Minions protocol itself is supervisor↔worker text, no tools.
+            "tool_calls": int(prefetch["n_searches"]),
             "traces": {
                 "mode": mode,
                 "supervisor_messages": out.get("supervisor_messages"),
@@ -572,6 +575,8 @@ class MinionsAgent(LocalCloudAgent):
             "tokens_cloud": p_in + p_out,
             "cost_usd": supervisor_cost,
             "turns": 1 + out["turns"],
+            # SWE: only the worker invokes tools (bash); supervisor is text-only.
+            "tool_calls": int(out["turns"]),
             "traces": {
                 "swe_mode": True,
                 "supervisor_plan": plan_text,
diff --git a/src/openjarvis/agents/hybrid/runner.py b/src/openjarvis/agents/hybrid/runner.py
index ce04248b..eeb02d0d 100644
--- a/src/openjarvis/agents/hybrid/runner.py
+++ b/src/openjarvis/agents/hybrid/runner.py
@@ -380,6 +380,7 @@ def _run_one(agent, bench: str, task: Dict[str, Any], log_dir: str) -> Dict[str,
             "cost_usd": float(meta.get("cost_usd", 0.0)),
             "latency_s": float(meta.get("latency_s", time.time() - t0)),
             "web_search_uses": int(meta.get("web_search_uses", 0)),
+            "tool_calls": int(meta.get("tool_calls", 0)),
             "traces": meta.get("traces", {}),
         }
         if "soft_error" in meta:
@@ -392,6 +393,7 @@ def _run_one(agent, bench: str, task: Dict[str, Any], log_dir: str) -> Dict[str,
             "tokens_local": 0, "tokens_cloud": 0,
             "cost_usd": 0.0, "latency_s": time.time() - t0,
             "web_search_uses": 0,
+            "tool_calls": 0,
             "traces": {},
             "error": f"{type(e).__name__}: {e}\n{traceback.format_exc()}",
         }
@@ -434,6 +436,7 @@ def _write_summary(
     total_local = sum(r.get("tokens_local", 0) for r in rows)
     total_cloud = sum(r.get("tokens_cloud", 0) for r in rows)
     total_web_searches = sum(int(r.get("web_search_uses", 0) or 0) for r in rows)
+    total_tool_calls = sum(int(r.get("tool_calls", 0) or 0) for r in rows)
     elapsed = time.time() - t_start
 
     # Preserve prior wall_time_s on no-op resume so we don't clobber the
@@ -467,6 +470,7 @@ def _write_summary(
         "tokens_local_total": total_local,
         "tokens_cloud_total": total_cloud,
         "web_search_uses_total": total_web_searches,
+        "tool_calls_total": total_tool_calls,
         "cost_usd_total": total_cost,
         "wall_time_s": wall,
         "task_count": len(tasks),
diff --git a/src/openjarvis/agents/hybrid/skillorchestra.py b/src/openjarvis/agents/hybrid/skillorchestra.py
index 0203e697..510845f2 100644
--- a/src/openjarvis/agents/hybrid/skillorchestra.py
+++ b/src/openjarvis/agents/hybrid/skillorchestra.py
@@ -460,6 +460,9 @@ class SkillOrchestraAgent(LocalCloudAgent):
         tokens_cloud = r_in + r_out
         run_cost = self.cost_usd(router_model, r_in, r_out)
         self._web_search_uses_last = 0
+        # tool_calls: bash turns on SWE, web_search count on GAIA. Router
+        # itself is text-only — doesn't add to the count.
+        tool_calls = 0
 
         # 2. Execute via chosen agent
         task_meta = (context.metadata.get("task") if context is not None else {}) or {}
@@ -490,6 +493,7 @@ class SkillOrchestraAgent(LocalCloudAgent):
                 )
                 ans = out["answer"]
                 tokens_local += out["tokens_in"] + out["tokens_out"]
+                tool_calls += int(out["turns"])
             else:
                 ans, w_in, w_out = self._call_vllm(
                     self._local_model,
@@ -520,6 +524,7 @@ class SkillOrchestraAgent(LocalCloudAgent):
                 ans = out["answer"]
                 tokens_cloud += out["tokens_in"] + out["tokens_out"]
                 run_cost += out["cost_usd"]
+                tool_calls += int(out["turns"])
             else:
                 # GAIA cloud worker: opt-in native web_search via the new
                 # method_cfg.web_search schema. Only fires when the chosen
@@ -546,6 +551,7 @@ class SkillOrchestraAgent(LocalCloudAgent):
                 run_cost += self.cost_usd(self._cloud_model, w_in, w_out)
                 run_cost += n_searches * WEB_SEARCH_COST_PER_CALL
                 self._web_search_uses_last = n_searches
+                tool_calls += int(n_searches)
             worker_model = self._cloud_model
 
         meta = {
@@ -554,6 +560,7 @@ class SkillOrchestraAgent(LocalCloudAgent):
             "cost_usd": run_cost,
             "turns": 2,  # router + worker
             "web_search_uses": self._web_search_uses_last,
+            "tool_calls": int(tool_calls),
             "traces": {
                 "chosen_agent": chosen,
                 "worker_model": worker_model,
diff --git a/src/openjarvis/agents/hybrid/toolorchestra.py b/src/openjarvis/agents/hybrid/toolorchestra.py
index a9864f79..4eec4eb0 100644
--- a/src/openjarvis/agents/hybrid/toolorchestra.py
+++ b/src/openjarvis/agents/hybrid/toolorchestra.py
@@ -407,14 +407,19 @@ def _swe_call_worker(
     task: Dict[str, Any],
     workdir: Path,
     turn: int,
-) -> Tuple[str, int, int, bool, float, int]:
+) -> Tuple[str, int, int, bool, float, int, int]:
     """SWE-bench worker dispatch: route solver workers through
     run_swe_agent_loop on a shared workdir. Web-search workers fall back
-    to the regular one-shot dispatch (search isn't an agent loop)."""
+    to the regular one-shot dispatch (search isn't an agent loop).
+
+    Trailing ``bash_turns`` (last element) counts agent-loop turns so the
+    caller can surface ``tool_calls`` per row. Fallbacks to one-shot
+    workers return 0 bash turns (no agent loop ran)."""
     wtype = worker.get("type", "openai")
     if wtype == "anthropic-web-search":
         # Search workers stay one-shot.
-        return _call_worker(worker, prompt, cfg)
+        text, p, c, is_local, extra, n_searches = _call_worker(worker, prompt, cfg)
+        return text, p, c, is_local, extra, n_searches, 0
     if wtype == "vllm":
         backbone = "local"
         endpoint = worker.get("base_url")
@@ -423,7 +428,8 @@ def _swe_call_worker(
         endpoint = None
     else:
         # OpenAI workers fall back to one-shot.
-        return _call_worker(worker, prompt, cfg)
+        text, p, c, is_local, extra, n_searches = _call_worker(worker, prompt, cfg)
+        return text, p, c, is_local, extra, n_searches, 0
     out = run_swe_agent_loop(
         task,
         backbone=backbone,
@@ -442,7 +448,7 @@ def _swe_call_worker(
     return (
         out["final_summary"] or out["answer"],
         out["tokens_in"], out["tokens_out"],
-        is_local, 0.0, 0,
+        is_local, 0.0, 0, int(out["turns"]),
     )
 
 
@@ -531,6 +537,11 @@ class ToolOrchestraAgent(LocalCloudAgent):
             tokens_cloud = 0
             cost = 0.0
             n_web_searches_total = 0
+            # tool_calls: bash turns from SWE subloops + web_search uses
+            # from GAIA. Orchestrator dispatch turns are NOT counted (they
+            # produce text only — calling a worker is one tool call's worth
+            # of "delegation" but the actual tool action happens inside).
+            tool_calls = 0
             final_answer: Optional[str] = None
             forced_final = False
             parse_failures = 0
@@ -584,12 +595,14 @@ class ToolOrchestraAgent(LocalCloudAgent):
                         continue
                     worker = workers[wid]
                     if swe_mode and shared_workdir is not None:
-                        w_text, w_in, w_out, is_local, extra_cost, n_searches = (
+                        (w_text, w_in, w_out, is_local, extra_cost,
+                         n_searches, bash_turns) = (
                             _swe_call_worker(
                                 worker, str(w_input), cfg, task_meta,
                                 shared_workdir, turn,
                             )
                         )
+                        tool_calls += bash_turns
                     else:
                         w_text, w_in, w_out, is_local, extra_cost, n_searches = (
                             _call_worker(worker, str(w_input), cfg)
@@ -600,6 +613,7 @@ class ToolOrchestraAgent(LocalCloudAgent):
                         tokens_cloud += w_in + w_out
                         cost += self.cost_usd(worker["model"], w_in, w_out) + extra_cost
                     n_web_searches_total += n_searches
+                    tool_calls += n_searches
                     history.append({
                         "role": "worker",
                         "turn": turn,
@@ -629,10 +643,12 @@ class ToolOrchestraAgent(LocalCloudAgent):
                     key=lambda w: PRICES.get(w.get("model", ""), (0.0, 0.0))[1],
                 )
                 if swe_mode and shared_workdir is not None:
-                    ans, w_in, w_out, is_local, extra_cost, _ = _swe_call_worker(
+                    (ans, w_in, w_out, is_local, extra_cost, _,
+                     bash_turns) = _swe_call_worker(
                         worker, question, cfg, task_meta,
                         shared_workdir, max_turns + 1,
                     )
+                    tool_calls += bash_turns
                 else:
                     ans, w_in, w_out, is_local, extra_cost, _ = _call_worker(
                         worker, question, cfg
@@ -671,6 +687,7 @@ class ToolOrchestraAgent(LocalCloudAgent):
                 "cost_usd": cost,
                 "turns": len([h for h in history if h["role"] == "orchestrator"]),
                 "web_search_uses": n_web_searches_total,
+                "tool_calls": int(tool_calls),
                 "traces": {
                     "history": history,
                     "forced_final": forced_final,
diff --git a/tests/agents/hybrid/test_tool_calls_tracking.py b/tests/agents/hybrid/test_tool_calls_tracking.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a2cd26e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/agents/hybrid/test_tool_calls_tracking.py
@@ -0,0 +1,379 @@
+"""Per-row ``tool_calls`` tracking across hybrid paradigms (2026-05-18).
+
+Confirms each paradigm surfaces a top-level ``tool_calls: int`` in the
+``AgentResult.metadata`` so the runner can write it into ``results.jsonl``.
+Definition per paradigm:
+
+  - SWE-bench cells: bash turns from ``run_swe_agent_loop``. One tool call
+    per bash command the agent ran.
+  - GAIA cells: number of native ``web_search`` invocations the cloud
+    backbone made. Zero for one-shot GAIA paths and zero for paradigms
+    whose GAIA path is just text-passing (e.g. Minions w/o prefetch).
+
+The legacy ``skillorchestra`` tool_calls numbers in
+``docs/results-table.md`` came from a defunct telemetry path; this
+re-establishes the contract on the actual row-write path.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from types import SimpleNamespace
+from unittest.mock import patch
+
+import pytest
+
+from openjarvis.agents._stubs import AgentContext
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Anthropic stub (web_search agent loop emits N web_search_requests).
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+def _fake_anthropic_response(text: str = "FINAL ANSWER: 7", n_searches: int = 3):
+    return SimpleNamespace(
+        content=[SimpleNamespace(type="text", text=text)],
+        usage=SimpleNamespace(
+            input_tokens=100,
+            output_tokens=20,
+            server_tool_use=SimpleNamespace(web_search_requests=n_searches),
+        ),
+        stop_reason="end_turn",
+    )
+
+
+class _FakeMessages:
+    def __init__(self, n_searches: int = 3):
+        self.n_searches = n_searches
+        self.calls = 0
+
+    def create(self, **kwargs):
+        self.calls += 1
+        # Each anthropic call returns the same shape; total searches
+        # accumulate via repeated calls (advisors does 2 executor passes,
+        # each reporting its own n_searches).
+        return _fake_anthropic_response(n_searches=self.n_searches)
+
+
+class _FakeAnthropic:
+    last_messages = None
+
+    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        self.messages = _FakeMessages(n_searches=3)
+        type(self).last_messages = self.messages
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def fake_anthropic(monkeypatch):
+    import anthropic
+    monkeypatch.setattr(anthropic, "Anthropic", _FakeAnthropic)
+    yield _FakeAnthropic
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# 1. baseline_cloud GAIA — tool_calls == n_searches on the agent-loop path.
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+def test_baseline_cloud_gaia_tool_calls_eq_web_searches(fake_anthropic):
+    from openjarvis.agents.hybrid.baseline_cloud import BaselineCloudAgent
+
+    agent = BaselineCloudAgent(
+        engine=None,
+        model="claude-opus-4-7",
+        cloud_endpoint="anthropic",
+        cfg={
+            "cloud_max_tokens": 1024,
+            "web_search": {"enabled": True, "max_uses": 4},
+            "gaia_max_turns": 2,
+        },
+    )
+    ctx = AgentContext(metadata={"task": {"task_id": "t1", "question": "X?"}, "task_id": "t1"})
+    result = agent.run("X?", ctx)
+    tc = result.metadata.get("tool_calls")
+    assert isinstance(tc, int)
+    assert tc == result.metadata["web_search_uses"] == 3
+
+
+def test_baseline_cloud_gaia_oneshot_tool_calls_zero(monkeypatch):
+    """The one-shot GAIA path makes zero countable tool calls."""
+    from openjarvis.agents.hybrid import baseline_cloud as bc_mod
+    from openjarvis.agents.hybrid.baseline_cloud import BaselineCloudAgent
+
+    def fake_call_cloud(self, *, user, system=None, max_tokens=4096,
+                       temperature=0.0, **kwargs):
+        return "FINAL ANSWER: x", 10, 5
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(bc_mod.BaselineCloudAgent, "_call_cloud", fake_call_cloud)
+    agent = BaselineCloudAgent(
+        engine=None,
+        model="gpt-5",
+        cloud_endpoint="openai",
+        cfg={"cloud_max_tokens": 1024},
+    )
+    ctx = AgentContext(metadata={"task": {"task_id": "t2", "question": "X?"}, "task_id": "t2"})
+    result = agent.run("X?", ctx)
+    assert isinstance(result.metadata.get("tool_calls"), int)
+    assert result.metadata["tool_calls"] == 0
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# 2. advisors GAIA — tool_calls == n_searches summed across executor passes.
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+def test_advisors_gaia_tool_calls_sums_search_counts(fake_anthropic, monkeypatch):
+    from openjarvis.agents.hybrid.advisors import AdvisorsAgent
+
+    # Stub the local vLLM advisor call so we don't need a server.
+    def fake_vllm(model, endpoint, *, user, max_tokens, temperature,
+                  enable_thinking=False):
+        return "be more careful", 50, 10
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(
+        "openjarvis.agents.hybrid.advisors.AdvisorsAgent._call_vllm",
+        staticmethod(fake_vllm),
+    )
+
+    agent = AdvisorsAgent(
+        engine=None,
+        model="claude-opus-4-7",
+        cloud_endpoint="anthropic",
+        local_model="qwen",
+        local_endpoint="http://x",
+        cfg={
+            "executor_max_tokens": 1024,
+            "advisor_max_tokens": 512,
+            "web_search": {"enabled": True, "max_uses": 4},
+            "gaia_max_turns": 2,
+        },
+    )
+    ctx = AgentContext(metadata={"task": {"task_id": "t3", "question": "X?"}, "task_id": "t3"})
+    result = agent.run("X?", ctx)
+    tc = result.metadata.get("tool_calls")
+    assert isinstance(tc, int)
+    # Two executor passes, each reports 3 searches → 6 total.
+    assert tc == result.metadata["web_search_uses"] == 6
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# 3. minions GAIA — tool_calls == prefetch n_searches.
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+def test_minions_gaia_tool_calls_eq_prefetch_searches(monkeypatch):
+    from openjarvis.agents.hybrid import minions as minions_mod
+    from openjarvis.agents.hybrid.minions import MinionsAgent
+
+    # Skip the Minions import / patch dance entirely by stubbing _run_paradigm's
+    # protocol layer. Easiest: stub _prefetch_context + replace Minions class.
+    def fake_prefetch(question, endpoint, model, max_uses):
+        return {
+            "text": "stub digest",
+            "tokens": 100,
+            "cost_usd": 0.01,
+            "n_searches": 2,
+        }
+
+    class _FakeProtocol:
+        def __init__(self, **kw):
+            pass
+
+        def __call__(self, *args, **kw):
+            return {
+                "final_answer": "FINAL ANSWER: 42",
+                "supervisor_messages": [],
+                "worker_messages": [],
+                "timing": {},
+                "log_file": "/dev/null",
+                "local_usage": SimpleNamespace(prompt_tokens=10, completion_tokens=5),
+                "remote_usage": SimpleNamespace(prompt_tokens=20, completion_tokens=10),
+            }
+
+    fake_minions_module = SimpleNamespace(
+        clients=SimpleNamespace(
+            anthropic=SimpleNamespace(AnthropicClient=lambda **kw: None),
+            openai=SimpleNamespace(OpenAIClient=lambda **kw: None),
+        ),
+        minion=SimpleNamespace(Minion=_FakeProtocol),
+        minions=SimpleNamespace(Minions=_FakeProtocol),
+    )
+
+    import sys
+    monkeypatch.setitem(sys.modules, "minions", fake_minions_module)
+    monkeypatch.setitem(sys.modules, "minions.clients", fake_minions_module.clients)
+    monkeypatch.setitem(sys.modules, "minions.clients.anthropic", fake_minions_module.clients.anthropic)
+    monkeypatch.setitem(sys.modules, "minions.clients.openai", fake_minions_module.clients.openai)
+    monkeypatch.setitem(sys.modules, "minions.minion", fake_minions_module.minion)
+    monkeypatch.setitem(sys.modules, "minions.minions", fake_minions_module.minions)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(minions_mod, "_apply_patches_once", lambda: None)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(minions_mod, "_prefetch_context", fake_prefetch)
+
+    agent = MinionsAgent(
+        engine=None,
+        model="claude-opus-4-7",
+        cloud_endpoint="anthropic",
+        local_model="qwen",
+        local_endpoint="http://x",
+        cfg={
+            "mode": "minion",
+            "max_rounds": 2,
+            "web_search": {"enabled": True, "max_uses": 4},
+        },
+    )
+    ctx = AgentContext(metadata={
+        "task": {"task_id": "tm", "question": "What is X?"},
+        "task_id": "tm",
+    })
+    result = agent.run("What is X?", ctx)
+    tc = result.metadata.get("tool_calls")
+    assert isinstance(tc, int)
+    assert tc == 2  # matches the stubbed prefetch n_searches
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# 4. SWE path — tool_calls equals bash turns from run_swe_agent_loop.
+#    We stub run_swe_agent_loop directly so we don't need a repo / vLLM /
+#    Anthropic.
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+def _stub_swe_loop(turns: int = 7):
+    """Return a stub matching ``run_swe_agent_loop``'s output shape."""
+    def _stub(task, **kwargs):
+        return {
+            "answer": "stub\n\n```diff\n--- a\n+++ b\n```",
+            "patch": "--- a\n+++ b\n",
+            "final_summary": "stub",
+            "tokens_in": 200,
+            "tokens_out": 100,
+            "tokens_local": 0,
+            "tokens_cloud": 300,
+            "cost_usd": 0.05,
+            "turns": turns,
+            "max_turns_hit": False,
+            "workdir": "/tmp/stub",
+        }
+    return _stub
+
+
+def test_baseline_cloud_swe_tool_calls_eq_bash_turns(monkeypatch):
+    from openjarvis.agents.hybrid import baseline_cloud as bc_mod
+    from openjarvis.agents.hybrid.baseline_cloud import BaselineCloudAgent
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(bc_mod, "run_swe_agent_loop", _stub_swe_loop(turns=11))
+
+    agent = BaselineCloudAgent(
+        engine=None,
+        model="claude-opus-4-7",
+        cloud_endpoint="anthropic",
+        cfg={"swe_max_turns": 30, "cloud_max_tokens": 4096},
+    )
+    task = {
+        "task_id": "swe1",
+        "problem_statement": "fix it",
+        "repo": "a/b",
+        "base_commit": "deadbeef",
+    }
+    ctx = AgentContext(metadata={"task": task, "task_id": "swe1"})
+    result = agent.run("fix it", ctx)
+    tc = result.metadata.get("tool_calls")
+    assert isinstance(tc, int)
+    assert tc == 11
+
+
+def test_minions_swe_tool_calls_eq_worker_bash_turns(monkeypatch):
+    from openjarvis.agents.hybrid import minions as minions_mod
+    from openjarvis.agents.hybrid.minions import MinionsAgent
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(minions_mod, "run_swe_agent_loop", _stub_swe_loop(turns=9))
+
+    def fake_call_cloud(self, *, user, system=None, max_tokens=4096,
+                       temperature=0.0, **kwargs):
+        return "plan: do X", 50, 25
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(minions_mod.MinionsAgent, "_call_cloud", fake_call_cloud)
+
+    agent = MinionsAgent(
+        engine=None,
+        model="claude-opus-4-7",
+        cloud_endpoint="anthropic",
+        local_model="qwen",
+        local_endpoint="http://x",
+        cfg={"swe_use_agent_loop": True, "supervisor_max_tokens": 512},
+    )
+    task = {
+        "task_id": "swe2",
+        "problem_statement": "fix it",
+        "repo": "a/b",
+        "base_commit": "deadbeef",
+    }
+    ctx = AgentContext(metadata={"task": task, "task_id": "swe2"})
+    result = agent.run("fix it", ctx)
+    tc = result.metadata.get("tool_calls")
+    assert isinstance(tc, int)
+    assert tc == 9  # only the worker subloop counts; supervisor is text
+
+
+def test_advisors_swe_tool_calls_sums_both_executor_passes(monkeypatch):
+    from openjarvis.agents.hybrid import advisors as adv_mod
+    from openjarvis.agents.hybrid.advisors import AdvisorsAgent
+
+    # Both calls to run_swe_agent_loop return turns=4; sum should be 8.
+    monkeypatch.setattr(adv_mod, "run_swe_agent_loop", _stub_swe_loop(turns=4))
+
+    def fake_vllm(model, endpoint, *, user, max_tokens, temperature,
+                  enable_thinking=False):
+        return "advise", 30, 10
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(
+        adv_mod.AdvisorsAgent, "_call_vllm", staticmethod(fake_vllm),
+    )
+
+    agent = AdvisorsAgent(
+        engine=None,
+        model="claude-opus-4-7",
+        cloud_endpoint="anthropic",
+        local_model="qwen",
+        local_endpoint="http://x",
+        cfg={"swe_use_agent_loop": True},
+    )
+    task = {
+        "task_id": "swe3",
+        "problem_statement": "fix it",
+        "repo": "a/b",
+        "base_commit": "deadbeef",
+    }
+    ctx = AgentContext(metadata={"task": task, "task_id": "swe3"})
+    result = agent.run("fix it", ctx)
+    tc = result.metadata.get("tool_calls")
+    assert isinstance(tc, int)
+    assert tc == 8  # initial + final executor passes, each 4 bash turns
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# 5. Runner row contract — _run_one writes tool_calls into the row.
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+def test_runner_row_includes_tool_calls(monkeypatch):
+    """The runner's ``_run_one`` must surface ``tool_calls`` from meta
+    into the top-level row that ends up in ``results.jsonl``."""
+    from openjarvis.agents._stubs import AgentResult
+    from openjarvis.agents.hybrid import runner
+
+    class _StubAgent:
+        def run(self, prompt, ctx):
+            return AgentResult(
+                content="FINAL ANSWER: x",
+                metadata={
+                    "tokens_local": 0,
+                    "tokens_cloud": 100,
+                    "cost_usd": 0.01,
+                    "latency_s": 0.1,
+                    "web_search_uses": 2,
+                    "tool_calls": 5,
+                    "traces": {},
+                },
+                turns=1,
+            )
+
+    task = {"task_id": "row1", "question": "x", "reference": "x", "metadata": {}}
+    row = runner._run_one(_StubAgent(), "gaia", task, "/tmp/log")
+    assert "tool_calls" in row
+    assert isinstance(row["tool_calls"], int)
+    assert row["tool_calls"] == 5